System Engineering and Productivity

System Engineering and Productivity

Closed-Loop Supply Chain Design for Glass Containers under Transportation Disruptions

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Hamidreza Yazdi 1
Alireza Parvardeh 1
Fatemeh Sabouhi 2
1 M.Sc., School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Corresponding author: Assistant Professor, School of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/sep.2025.2073997.1407
Abstract
With the rapid rise in the use of glass containers in the food and pharmaceutical industries, demand for a sustainable and efficient packaging supply has increased significantly. At the same time, environmental concerns and regulatory requirements regarding waste recycling have turned the design of glass-container supply chains into a strategic challenge in industrial management. In response, this study proposes a three-phase hybrid approach for designing a closed-loop supply chain for glass containers under transportation-infrastructure disruption risks and uncertainty. In Phase 1, a system dynamics approach is employed to forecast customer demand. In Phase 2, suppliers are ranked using the Combined Compromise Solution (COCOSO) multi-criteria decision-making method. Building upon the outcomes of these phases, Phase 3 develops a multi-product, multi-period stochastic programming model that minimizes the total cost of the glass-container supply chain while determining decisions such as supplier selection, production quantities, transportation flows across echelons, lateral transshipments among distribution centers, recycling, disposal, and shortage management. The proposed model is implemented on three numerical examples, and the results of the sensitivity analysis on the key parameters of the problem are presented.

Highlights

  • System dynamics–based demand forecasting
  • Supplier ranking via multi-criteria decision-making
  • Two-stage stochastic model for glass supply chain design
  • Lateral transshipment to mitigate transport disruptions

Keywords
Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC)
Two-Stage Stochastic Programming
System Dynamics Approach
Lateral Transshipment
Glass Containers
Subjects

Copyright © Hamidreza Yazdi, Alireza Parvardeh, Fatemeh Sabouhi

 

License

This article is released under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone is free to copy, share, translate, and adapt this article for any purpose, whether commercial or non-commercial, as long as proper citation is given to the authors and original publication.

 
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System Engineering and Productivity

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 03 December 2025

  • Receive Date 08 October 2025
  • Revise Date 19 November 2025
  • Accept Date 30 November 2025
  • First Publish Date 30 November 2025
  • Publish Date 03 December 2025