مهندسی سیستم و بهره‌وری

مهندسی سیستم و بهره‌وری

مدیریت تقاضای انرژی در ریزشبکه شهری با رویکرد پویایی سیستم‌ها: تحلیل هم‌تکاملی عرضه، تقاضا، و حکمرانی دیجیتال در شهرک اکباتان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه محیط‌زیست، پردیس بین‌المللی کیش، دانشگاه تهران، کیش، ایران
2 دانشکده محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
شکاف میان اوج تقاضای برق و عرضه پایدار در شهرهای هوشمند، چالشی غیرخطی است که مدل‌های ایستا به دلیل ناتوانی در ثبت ساختارهای بازخوردی زاینده، قادر به پرداختن به آن نیستند. این مطالعه یک مدل پویایی‌شناسی سیستم را برای تحلیل تعامل میان تقاضای انرژی شهری، عرضه انرژی تجدیدپذیر، مدیریت سمت تقاضا و حکمرانی دیجیتال در ریزشبکه اکباتان تهران توسعه می‌دهد. مدل بر پایه شش حلقه بازخوردی بنا شده است: حلقه تقویتی پایداری شبکه هوشمند؛ حلقه تقویتی پذیرش پاسخگویی تقاضا و اعتماد اجتماعی که همرنگی با هنجارهای محله‌ای را دربرمی‌گیرد؛ حلقه تقویتی هم‌تکاملی حکمرانی دیجیتال که بلوغ نهادی را درون‌زا می‌کند؛ و حلقه‌های متعادل‌کننده قیمت‌گذاری پویا با آثار بازگشتی، هزینه‌های گذار کم‌کربن و ازدحام شبکه. این مدل در محیط Vensim DSS با 87 متغیر پیاده‌سازی و با استفاده از داده‌های تجربی 10 ساله کالیبره شد (RMSE < 10%، R² > 0.80). پارامترهای رفتاری نیز از طریق یک پیمایش میدانی (n = 66) و کارگاه مدل‌سازی خبرگان برآورد شدند. تحلیل حساسیت نشان داد که ضریب ظرفیت و نرخ استهلاک، تأثیرگذارترین پارامترها بر سهم انرژی تجدیدپذیر هستند. پنج سناریوی 25 ساله شبیه‌سازی شد. سناریوی ترکیبی بهینه که اقدامات سمت عرضه و سمت تقاضا را با یکدیگر هم‌افزا می‌کند، به کاهش 23 درصدی انتشار CO₂، سهم مؤثر 20/1 درصدی انرژی تجدیدپذیر و رضایت مصرف‌کنندگان بالاتر از 0/70 دست می‌یابد. سناریوی متمرکز بر تقاضا، علی‌رغم دستیابی به کاهش 18 درصدی نسبت اوج به میانگین، سطح رضایت را به 0/58 کاهش داده و موجب ایجاد اثر بازگشتی 40 درصدی می‌شود. آستانه بحرانی آسایش برابر با 0/65 شناسایی شد که فراتر از آن، حلقه اعتماد–مشارکت معکوس می‌شود. شاخص حکمرانی دیجیتال در سناریوی ترکیبی از 0/18 به 0/56 افزایش می‌یابد. تحلیل اثربخشی هزینه‌ای نشان می‌دهد که سناریوی ترکیبی در مقایسه با گزینه متمرکز بر عرضه، 54 درصد کارایی بیشتری دارد. گذار پایدار مستلزم پوشش کنتورهای هوشمند بیش از 60 درصد و حفظ سطح آسایش بالاتر از 0/65 است.

تازه های تحقیق

  • مدل پویایی‌شناسی سیستم، تعامل تقاضای انرژی، عرضه تجدیدپذیر و حکمرانی دیجیتال را در ریزشبکه اکباتان تهران شبیه‌سازی می‌کند.
  • سناریوی ترکیبی با کاهش ۲۳% انتشار CO₂ و سهم مؤثر 20/1% انرژی تجدیدپذیر، عملکرد پایدارتری نشان می‌دهد.
  • گذار پایدار مستلزم پوشش بیش از ۶۰ درصدی کنتورهای هوشمند و حفظ سطح آسایش بالاتر از آستانه بحرانی 0/65 است.

کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Urban Microgrid Energy Demand Management through a System Dynamics Approach: Co-evolutionary Analysis of Supply, Demand, and Digital Governance in Ekbatan Township

نویسندگان English

Mohammadmehdi Kafshvandi 1
Saeed Givehchi 2
Ghalamreza Nabi Bidhendi 2
1 Department of Environment, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran
2 Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The peak electricity demand–sustainable supply gap in smart cities is a nonlinear challenge that static models cannot address due to their inability to capture generative feedback structures. This study develops a system dynamics model to analyze the interaction of urban energy demand, renewable supply, demand-side management, and digital governance in Tehran's Ekbatan microgrid. The model is built upon six feedback loops: the reinforcing smart grid sustainability loop; the reinforcing demand-response adoption and social trust loop incorporating neighborhood conformity; the reinforcing digital governance co-evolution loop that endogenizes institutional maturity; and the balancing loops of dynamic pricing with rebound effects, low-carbon transition costs, and grid congestion. Implemented in Vensim DSS with 87 variables and calibrated using ten-year empirical data (RMSE <10%, R² >0.80), behavioral parameters were estimated via a field survey (n=66) and expert modeling workshop. Sensitivity analysis revealed capacity factor and depreciation rate as the most influential parameters on renewable share. Five 25-year scenarios were simulated. The optimal combined scenario, synergizing supply and demand measures, achieves a 23% CO₂ reduction, 20.1% effective renewable share, and consumer satisfaction above 0.70. The demand-centric scenario, despite an 18% peak-to-average reduction, lowers satisfaction to 0.58 and triggers a 40% rebound effect. The critical comfort threshold of 0.65 was identified, beyond which the trust-participation loop reverses. The Digital Governance Index rises from 0.18 to 0.56 in the combined scenario. Cost-effectiveness analysis shows the combined scenario is 54% more efficient than the supply-centric alternative. A sustainable transition requires smart meter coverage exceeding 60% and maintaining comfort levels above 0.65.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

System Dynamics
Demand-Side Energy Management
Urban Microgrid
Renewable Energy
Trust-Participation Feedback Loop
Ekbatan Township
Scenario Analysis

Copyright © Mohammadmehdi Kafshvandi, Saeed Givehchi, Gholamreza Nabi Bidhendi

 

License

This article is released under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone is free to copy, share, translate, and adapt this article for any purpose, whether commercial or non-commercial, as long as proper citation is given to the authors and original publication.

Afsari Mamaghani, F., Omidvar, B., Avami, A., & Nabi Bidhendi, G. R. (2023). An optimal integrated power and water supply planning model considering Water-Energy-Emission nexus. Energy Conversion and Management 277 (2023): 116595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116595
Aghabozorg, M. H., Nabi Bidhendi, G., Yousefi, H., & Mehrdadi, N. (2024). A comprehensive economic and environmental analysis to supply the electricity sector of the MED desalination unit using renewable energies. Journal of Energy Management and Technology, 8(3), 239-249. https://doi.org/10.22109/jemt.2024.421441.1478
Andriopoulos, N., Plakas, K., Birbas, A., & Papalexopoulos, A. (2024). Design of a prosumer-centric local energy market: An approach based on prospect theory. IEEE Access, 12, 32014-32032. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3370040
Bazarchi, S., Bidhendi, G. R. N., Ghazi, I., & Kasaeian, A. (2020). A techno-economic feasibility study for reducing the energy consumption in a building: A solar energy case study for bandar abbas. Journal of Thermal Engineering, 6(4), 633-650. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.766463
Bazilian, M., Onyeji, I., Liebreich, M., MacGill, I., Chase, J., Shah, J., ... & Zhengrong, S. (2013). Re-considering the economics of photovoltaic power. Renewable Energy, 53, 329-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.11.029
Calvillo, C. F., Sánchez-Miralles, A., & Villar, J. (2016). Energy management and planning in smart cities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, 273-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.133
Daneshzand, F., Amin-Naseri, M. R., Elkamel, A., & Fowler, M. (2018). A system dynamics model for analyzing future natural gas supply and demand. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 57(32), 11061-11075. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00709
Dehghan Pir, A., Samiei Moghaddam, M., Alibeaki, E., Salehi, N., & Davarzani, R. (2025). A refined approach exploiting demand response in distribution grids integrating renewable energy and storage systems alongside metro facilities via LSTPA methodology. Energy Storage, 7(4), e70203. https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70203
Dehghan, H., Amin-Naseri, M. R., & Nahavandi, N. (2021). A system dynamics model to analyze future electricity supply and demand in Iran under alternative pricing policies. Utilities Policy, 69, 101165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2020.101165
Faruqui, A., & Sergici, S. (2010). Household response to dynamic pricing of electricity: A survey of 15 experiments. Journal of regulatory Economics, 38(2), 193-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11149-010-9127-y
Feng, Y. Y., Chen, S. Q., & Zhang, L. X. (2013). System dynamics modeling for urban energy consumption and CO2 emissions: A case study of Beijing, China. Ecological Modelling, 252, 44-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.09.008
Ford, A. (1999). Modeling the environment: An introduction to system dynamics modeling of environmental systems. Island Press.
Forrester, J. W. (1961). Industrial dynamics. MIT Press.
Givehchi, S., Nozar, A. V., & Malekmohammadi, B. (2024). Investigating the effective consequences on the assets of an urban system in facing scenario-based hazards. Entorno Geográfico, (28), e24514399-e24514399. https://doi.org/10.25100/eg.v0i28.14399
Golfam, P., & Ashofteh, P. S. (2025a). Evaluation of the effect of the water-energy nexus on the performance of the water-energy supply system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 32(7), 4040-4060. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-35928-0
Golfam, P., & Ashofteh, P. S. (2025b). Prioritization of water-energy nexus scenarios using the development of D-number theory in multi-criteria analysis method. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 32(11), 6550-6573. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36105-z
Golfam, P., & Ashofteh, P. S. (2026). Environmental-economic analysis of regional energy system under different supply and demand side scenarios with LEAP model. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 28(4), 8897-8918. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-05333-7
Golfam, P., Ashofteh, P. S., & Loáiciga, H. A. (2024). Forecasting long-term energy demand and reductions in GHG emissions. Energy Efficiency, 17(3), 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-024-10203-2
Hosseini, S. H., & Shakouri, H. (2016). A study on the future of unconventional oil development under different oil price scenarios: A system dynamics approach. Energy Policy, 91, 64-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.12.027
Jafar, H. T., Tavakoli, O., Bidhendi, G. N., & Alizadeh, M. (2024). Sustainable electricity supply planning: A nexus-based optimization approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 195, 114316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114316
Javidi, N., Nabi Bidhendi, G., Tavakoli, O., & Mehrdadi, N. (2026). Assessing the environmental costs of a thermal power plant in tehran using life cycle analysis. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 23(3), 179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-025-06854-y
John, D. M. (2007). Strategic modelling and business dynamics: A feedback systems approach. J. Wiley & Sons.
Kachoee, M. S., Salimi, M., & Amidpour, M. (2018). The long-term scenario and greenhouse gas effects cost-benefit analysis of Iran's electricity sector. Energy, 143, 585-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.11.049
Karbasioun, M., Gholamalipour, A., Safaie, N., Shirazizadeh, R., & Amidpour, M. (2023). Developing sustainable power systems by evaluating techno-economic, environmental, and social indicators from a system dynamics approach. Utilities Policy, 82, 101566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2023.101566
Karimi, S., Talebi, E., & Givehchi, S. (2025). H₂S gas leak emergency preparedness and community response: A critical review of behavioral factors and gaps. Scientific Papers-Series E-Land Reclamation Earth Observation & Surveying Environmental Engineering. 14(1), 1100–1111. https://landreclamationjournal.usamv.ro/pdf/2025/Art119.pdf
Keirstead, J., Jennings, M., & Sivakumar, A. (2012). A review of urban energy system models: Approaches, challenges and opportunities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6), 3847-3866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.047
Leduc, M., Matthews, H. D., & de Elía, R. (2016). Regional estimates of the transient climate response to cumulative CO2 emissions. Nature Climate Change, 6(5), 474-478. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2913
Liu, P., Liu, C., Du, J., & Mu, D. (2019). A system dynamics model for emissions projection of hinterland transportation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 218, 591-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.191
Mekonnen, M. M., Gerbens-Leenes, P. W., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2015). The consumptive water footprint of electricity and heat: a global assessment. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, 1(3), 285-297. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ew00026b
Milani, S. J., & Bidhendi, G. N. (2024). Biogas and photovoltaic solar energy as renewable energy in wastewater treatment plants: A focus on energy recovery and greenhouse gas emission mitigation. Water Science and Engineering, 17(3), 283-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wse.2023.11.003
Nasouri, M., Bidhendi, G. N., Amiri, M. J., Delgarm, N., Delgarm, S., & Azarbad, K. (2021c). Performance-based Pareto optimization and multi-attribute decision making of an actual indirect-expansion solar-assisted heat pump system. Journal of Building Engineering, 42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103053
Nasouri, M., Bidhendi, G. N., Hoveidi, H., & Amiri, M. J. (2021a). Parametric study and performance-based multi-criteria optimization of the indirect-expansion solar-assisted heat pump through the integration of Analytic Network process (ANP) decision-making with MOPSO algorithm. Solar Energy, 225, 814-830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.08.003
Nasouri, M., Nabi Bidhendi, G. R., Amiri, M. J., Delgarm, N., Delgarm, S., & Azarpad, K. (2021b). Performance-based Pareto optimization and multi-attribute decision making of an actual indirect-expansion solar-assisted heat pump system. Journal of Building Engineering, 42(2), 102345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102345
Pazuki, M. M., Salimi, M., Safaie, N., & Amidpour, M. (2025). Transitioning Iran's electricity sector: A system dynamics analysis of renewable energy acceleration and carbon capture strategies to 2040. Utilities Policy, 97, 102062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2025.102062
Rafieisakhaei, M., Barazandeh, B., & Afra, S. (2017, March). A system dynamics approach on oil market modeling with statistical data analysis. In SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference (p. D041S039R003). SPE. https://doi.org/10.2118/184040-MS
Reiss, P. C., & White, M. W. (2005). Household electricity demand, revisited. The Review of Economic Studies, 72(3), 853-883. https://doi.org/10.1111/0034-6527.00354
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.
Slocum, A. H., & Gessel, D. J. (2022). Evolving from a hydrocarbon-based to a sustainable economy: Starting with a case study for Iran. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 154, 111750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111750
Sterman, J. D. (2000). Business dynamics: Systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
Stragier, J., Hauttekeete, L., & De Marez, L. (2010, September). Introducing smart grids in residential contexts: Consumers' perception of smart household appliances. In 2010 Ieee conference on innovative technologies for an efficient and reliable electricity supply (pp. 135-142). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619864
Vejdani Nozar, A., Givehchi, S., & Malekmohammadi, B. (2025). Evaluation of the effective consequences on urban water and wastewater assets in the face of environmental pollution: A case study of Hamedan City, Iran. Pollution, 11(3), 652–671. https://doi.org/10.22059/poll.2025.380915.2509
Vennix, J. A. M. (1996). Group model building: Facilitating team learning using system dynamics. John Wiley & Sons.

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از 10 مهر 1405

  • تاریخ دریافت 15 تیر 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری 01 مهر 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 10 مهر 1405
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 10 مهر 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 10 مهر 1405